<p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">赋格</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: &quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">（</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: &quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;" lang="EN-US">Fugue</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">）</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">赋格最初是</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">15</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">世纪末复调声乐曲中开始采用的模仿进入，到了</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">16</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">世纪，在器乐曲里切卡尔（</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">ricercar</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">）、康佐纳（</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">conzona</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">）和随想曲中都模仿这种手法，逐渐形成了赋格。作为一种独立的曲式，赋格大约形成于</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">17</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">世纪初。它是一种用对位法写作的音乐作品体裁。由不少于二声部的在一个主题上构成的多声部对位作品，主要特点是互相模仿的声部相继的进入。第一次声部进入所用的可长可短得旋律或乐句被称为主题。这个主题在乐曲的进行中将会经常再现。主题在第二个声部进入时往往略有改变，它通常比第一次高四度五度或低四度五度，也就是在主调的属调或下属调上出现，随着第二声部的进入第二次出现的主题被称为答题，第三个进入的声部出现的主题通常与第一次相同，但也许高八度或低八度，答题进入时主题和它的对位声部仍然在继续进行，如果在赋格的其余部分仍保持这一对位声部的话它就叫对题，对题通常可以设计得通主题形成两重对位。主体最初进入的次数一般来说和该赋格曲所有的声部数相同，当所有声部都以进入后，这首赋格的呈示部就告一段落。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">赋格在呈示部结束后</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">,</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">通常由主题的再进入构成余下的部分</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">,</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">它由具有连结性结构的乐句形成的插部导入主题或一系列在关系调上的主题的进入</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">,</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">通常这样的主题进入可以和插部交替进行直到乐曲结束</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">插部通常采用主题或对题素材</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">,</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">有时也可以把二者合并</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">,</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">甚至也可以采用完全独立于主题和对题的新材料</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">但在巴赫的作品中有时并没有对题甚至连插部都没有。</span></p><p> </p></span></p><p> </p>